Immune system

The immune system is a set of mechanisms within an organism that protects against infection by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. Find a wide variety of pathogens such as viruses and parasites, distinguished from cells and normal tissues of the body. The identification is quite complicated as the pathogen adapts and evolves, and then infected the host organism.

There are several mechanisms that recognize and neutralize pathogens. The immune system of vertebrates, such as that of men, consisting of many types of proteins, cells, organs and tissues, which interact in a dynamic system. As part of this immune response, the immune system adapts over time to identify pathogens more effectively. The adjustment process creates an immunological memory and allows more efficient protection for future infections. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.

The vaccine is a weakened form of the disease. It can be a form of disease that was eradicated or a similar form but of a less virulent strain. Once injected into the body, the immune system creates the same defense that an infection in itself, but because the disease is different or weakened, there are only few or no symptoms of the disease. Due to immunological memory, when the real disease attacks the body, it is able to delete it immediately.

However, many diseases can not be cured by vaccines: the common cold or influenza are an example. This is due to the fact that, as in the case of colds and influenza, the disease changes so quickly or have so many strains that you can inject them all in the body.
Furthermore, it happens that sometimes the immune system is unable to act fast enough to beat the speed of reproductive bacteria or that bacteria reproduce so quickly to cause permanent damage before the immune system can eliminate them.
In these cases, to eradicate bacterial infections, antibiotics are used. Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacterial cells, without affecting the cells that make up the body. Different antibiotics work on different parts of the blight, so that each type of antibiotic is more or less effective on certain types of bacteria.
However, one major problem is that antibiotics become less effective over time, as well as be detrimental to the intestinal bacterial flora.

Components of the immune system

Lymphatic system:
passive system
fluids flowing in the lymphatic system and are driven by the natural movements of the body and muscles in the lymph nodes
the sap is the plasma, the fluid that makes up the blood deprived of white blood cells and red
the sap is a cleaning fluid that bathes the cells with water and nutrients, and identifies and removes the forms from the bacterial cell fluids
in the presence of bacterial infections, the lymph nodes swell of bacteria and cells that are struggling, to the point of being obvious to the touch

Timo:
lymphoid organ located between the sternum and the heart
produces T-cells
its presence is important in infants

Spleen:
filters the blood looking for foreign cells

Bone marrow:
produces new red and white from stem cells
red cells received a complete training in the bone marrow before entering the bloodstream
some white blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow mature elsewhere in the

Antibodies:
produced by white blood cells
protein in the form of Y, each of which responds to a specific antigen (bacteria, viruses or toxins)

Complement system:
set of proteins that are produced in the liver
are activated and working with the antibodies
cause curing of the cells and signal to phagocytes that a cell needs to be removed

Hormones:
There are several hormones generated by components of the immune system, known as linfochine
Some hormones, like steroids and corticosteroids, suppress the immune system
the timosina is a hormone that encourages the production of lymphocytes
interleukins are another type of hormone generated by white blood cells

Tumor necrosis factor:
produced by macrophages
is able to kill cancer cells and promotes the creation of new blood vessels

Interferon:
interfere with virus
produced by most cells of the body
transferring signals from one cell to another: when a cell detects interferon from other cells, produces a protein that helps prevent viral replication

White blood cells:
most important part of the immune system
act as independent unicellular organisms are able to move and capture things on their own account
many white blood cells can not divide and reproduce themselves, but thanks to the bone marrow
red cells have a different set of cells that work together to destroy bacteria and viruses
each type of white blood has a special role in the immune system and many are able to transform
the different types of white blood cells include leukocytes (white blood cells in general), lymphocytes (formed in the bone marrow and manage bacterial and viral infections), monocytes, granulocytes, beta cells (formed in the bone marrow, mature into plasma cells that produce antibodies), plasma cells, T cells, killer T cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils (the most common type of white blood cells that, once in the bloodstream, it can move through the capillaries in tissues, are attracted to foreign material, bacteria and inflammation), acidophilous (focused on parasites of the skin and lungs), basophils (histamine transport and cause inflammation), phagocytes, macrophages (present in tissues, clean them by neutrophils deaths)

The disorders of the immune system can cause various diseases.
Here are a few.

DISORDERS of the immune system

Immunodeficiency diseases:
strike when the immune system is less active with the normal, thus leading to recurrent infections and dangerous
may result from a genetic disease, such as combined immunodeficiency, or be produced by pharmaceuticals or an infection, some the acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by the retrovirus HIV

Autoimmune diseases:
d iperattività caused the immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were alien organisms
the most common autoimmune diseases are rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type I, lupus erimatoso

Allergies:
strong reaction of the immune system against an allergen that should be ignored

Rejection of a tissue / organ transplant:
when a foreign tissue is transplanted to the inside of its cells do not contain the proper identification and is attached
the problem can not be prevented, but decreased by matching the possible tissue donor with the subject of transplantation, and using immunosopressivi

Among the nutritional supplements and herbal aids in cases of disorders of the immune system are those containing:
cat's claw
anamu
mullaca
fedegosa
Samambaia
Macel
suma
chuchuhuasi
sarsaparilla
bitter melon
Acerola
Camu-Camu
erva Tostao.

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